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2023年4月12日 星期三

The application of High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Field (HIFEM) in the treatment of urinary incontinence

 

When we introduced the treatment principle of high-intensity focused electromagnetic field before, we learned that it can not only train muscles but also promote the repair of various connective tissues. 

(https://uroprolo.blogspot.com/2023/03/mechanism-and-application-of-high.html)

This time, we will further explore what kind of therapeutic effect will happen if it is applied to the treatment of urinary incontinence.

 


Below are some representative studies.


 

Safety and Efficacy of a Non-Invasive High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Field (HIFEM) Device for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence and Enhancement of Quality of Life

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31172580/

This study enrolled 75 patients with three types of urinary incontinence (mean age 55.45 years) who had not received any prior urinary incontinence treatment. 

The treatment involved high-intensity focused electromagnetic field therapy twice a week for a total of six treatments. 

The treatment effectiveness was evaluated by the absorbent pads used per day and the ICIQ-SF questionnaire.

 

Results:

61 patients (81%) experienced a significant reduction in urinary incontinence symptoms after six treatments. There was a significant improvement in quality of life (ICIQ-SF improvement of 49.93%). 

The treatment effect was maintained after a 3-month follow-up period (ICIQ-SF improvement of 64.42%). 

The most significant improvement was observed in patients with mixed urinary incontinence (ICIQ-SF improvement of 69.9%). 

70% of patients reported decreased number of used pads.

 

After reading this study, my impression is that if we the treatment effect is so excellent with HIFEM one course only, then the effect can be further enhanced by combining it with mediation and increasing the courses of treatments.

Additionally, it can be observed that even after a 3-month follow-up period, the treatment effect not only persisted but also continued to improve (Note 1). 

This suggests that HIFEM does not simply train the muscles (as stopping training would result in either maintenance or regression), but also has a therapeutic effect on tissue repair, leading to sustained improvement even after treatment cessation.

 

Furthermore, based on past treatment experience and research, self-training of the pelvic floor muscles cannot guarantee the quality and duration of the training. 

Patients who wish to achieve therapeutic effects through self-training of the pelvic floor muscle group typically require 12 to 40 weeks of training. 

In contrast, HIFEM equipment ensures the quality of each treatment, and the treatment effect was observed within just 3 weeks. The therapeutic benefits of this treatment are evident.

 

The previous study results inferred that HIFEM has a repairing effect on pelvic floor tissues. So, is there more direct evidence? 

 

Yes, there is.

 

A Comparative Study on the Effects of High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Technology and Electrostimulation for the Treatment of Pelvic Floor Muscles and Urinary Incontinence in Parous Women: Analysis of Posttreatment Data

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31860567/

This study enrolled 95 parous women, divided into three groups:

1.    Group 1: 50 urinary incontinence patients receiving 10 sessions of high-intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM) therapy (n = 50, HIFEM)

2.    Group 2: 25 urinary incontinence patients receiving electrical stimulation therapy (n = 25, electrical stimulation)

3.    Group 3: 20 healthy subjects as a control group (no treatment) (n = 20, control group)

Patients underwent examination by 3-dimensional transperienal ultrasound at the baseline and posttreatments. 

Levator-urethra gap, anteroposterior diameter, laterolateral diameter of levator hiatus, and hiatal area were measured. 

They also completed the Pelvic Floor Disability Index 20 questionnaire and subjective evaluation of intimate health.

 

Results: 

Only Group 1 patients showed significant improvement on ultrasound examination after treatment (decreased anteroposterior diameter, laterolateral diameter, and hiatal area). 


Group 1 patients achieved greater improvement in the Pelvic Floor Disability Index questionnaire compared to Group 2 (52% vs. 18%; P < 0.001), and there was a significant reduction in patients with urinary leakage after treatment.

 

My personal impression is that most studies on urinary incontinence focus on subjective questionnaire surveys, with pad usage as a secondary objective (also often assessed by questionnaire). 

This study is one of the few urinary incontinence treatment-related studies that evaluate treatment effects based on both subjective (questionnaire survey) and objective examination (3D transperineal ultrasound) methods.

 

Furthermore, not only tissue repair but also muscle contractility can be objectively confirmed (by electromyography), proving the effectiveness on the pelvic floor muscles training.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32146133/

 

 

Final question.

How long does the effect of high-intensity electromagneticfield therapy last? 

Currently, there is a lack of studies with longer follow-up. 

According to studies from traditional magnetic stimulation machines (Note 2), even after one year, the therapeutic effect can still be maintained. 

Moreover, the more treatment sessions, the better the effect.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27871927/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28791447/

 

 

Summay:

High-intensity focused electromagnetic field treatment of urinary incontinence has the following advantages

1. Non-invasive (better than surgery)

2. No side effects (better than drugs)

3. The curative effect is fast and effective (better than self-training and traditional magnetic stimulation chair)

4. Helps tissue repair, long-lasting effect (better than other treatment methods like electrotherapy, surgery, drugs)

5. Improves quality of life

 

Certainly, this does not mean that other treatment modalities should be discarded.

Every treatment has a role.

Clinically, different treatment methods are often combined at the same time to achieve the best therapeutic effect.

Therefore, patients with urinary incontinence problems should still seek professional medical assistance to receive appropriate treatment recommendations and prescriptions.

 

 

#Emsella

#SIS(super inductive system)

 

Other references:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34768730/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35447699/

 

(Note 1: The average ICIQ-SF score of the patients was 10.57 ± 4.22, which decreased to 5.33 ± 3.97 after six treatments, and further decreased to 4.16 ± 4.04 points in the 3-month follow-up. After six treatments, 13 patients had ICIQ -SF score decreased to 0 points, and the number of patients who decreased to 0 points after 3 months of follow-up increased to 21.

 

At the beginning of the study, 43 patients used one or more pads per day, with an average of 2.47 ± 2.25 pads per day. After the sixth treatment, a significant improvement of 43.80% (P < 0.001) was observed, with the average number of pads used reduced to 1.35 ± 1.74 per day.

Fifteen (34.88%) of these patients reported that they no longer used the pads, and at 3 months, this had increased to 19 (44.19%) patients. )

 

(Note 2:

Magnetic stimulation has been used to treat urinary incontinence for many years.

There are also machine models and treatments covered by National Health Insurance in Taiwan.

However. the magnetic field strength generated by the instrument is much weaker than HIFEM and lacks focusing technology. 

The difference can be clearly felt when receiving treatment.)

2023年3月24日 星期五

Mechanism and Application of High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic (HIFEM) Therapy

 

Previously, we introduced a secret weapon used by professional athletes for injury recovery: the only patented tendon and ligament repair agent in the world.

https://uroprolo.blogspot.com/2023/02/stabha-soft-tissue-adapted.html

This time, we will introduce another secret weapon for rehabilitation after professional athletes' injuries: the High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic (HIFEM) therapy.

 

 

History:

During the Cold War, the Soviet Union used electromagnetic fields to treat cosmonauts who had spent extended periods in space. 

Due to the lack of gravity and exercise, These cosmonauts suffered from a loss of bone density and muscle. When they returned to Earth, they had weakened bones and muscles.

To solve this problem, the Soviet Union used pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy in combination with medications to increase bone density and combat bone loss. 

PEMF was widely used in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and spread to Western Europe after the fall of the Berlin Wall. 

In the early 2000s, NASA conducted its own research into the use of PEMF and eventually filed its own patent for the use of PEMF in tissue regeneration

 

 

Principle:

HIFEM therapy is based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. 

By changing the magnetic field, changes in the biological electric field are produced, resulting in a biological current. 

The effects of this magnetic field and biological current differ in different tissues and can promote wound healing, pain relief, bone fracture healing, muscle relaxation, nerve stimulation, muscle training, and joint movement.

Most importantly, according to the principle, this type of therapy is non-invasive and non-contact. 

Therefore, it can be widely used in various patients who need it without causing any harm.

 

 

Tissue Effects:

Traditional electrical stimulation has been proven to be effective in pain management and wound healing and is widely used in rehabilitation. 

However, there are some disadvantages because the electrodes need to be attached to the body surface to conduct current:

1.    The pain receptors are close to the skin surface, and external current can directly stimulate them, making it easy to feel pain.

2.    The intensity must be controlled; otherwise, it may cause skin damage.

3.    The current decreases with depth and cannot be transmitted to deeper tissues.

 

The above disadvantages are precisely the advantages of magnetic field therapy:

1.    No direct contactile current, so it does not cause pain.

2.    Does not damage the skin.

3.    The magnetic field can penetrate deeper tissues, and the treatment effect is better.

 

The biological current generated by the magnetic field can produce the following effects when applied to different tissues with different intensity, frequency, and waveform treatment modes:

⁃       Fibroblast and collagen proliferation is increased following each treatment.

⁃       Increased angiogenesis and collagen formation/maturation leading to wound healing.

⁃       Accelerates swelling elimination, restoring normal blood flow, nutrients, and oxygenation of tissue.

⁃       Damaged cells recover faster under treatment.

⁃       Accelerated growth factor production at various stages of the tissue repair.

⁃       Stimulate Osteogenesis and Chondrogenesis.

⁃       Pain management

⁃       Muscle training and reconstruction, improving movement function

⁃       speed up muscle and tissue healing

⁃       reduce muscle degradation or to increase blood circulation locally

⁃       increase metabolic activity in the stimulated region to such an extent that the lipids (triglycerides) break into free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol; this lipid breakdown leads to an overflow of FFA in the intracellular space and consequently initiates adipocyte dysfunction by the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-stress) apoptosis

⁃       modulate cell receptors binding, reducing the inflammatory response.

 

Although there are numerous effects that are difficult to list, it is evident that magnetic field therapy covers almost “all connective tissues!”

 

 

Therapy modes:

If based on functionality, it can be roughly classified into the following categories:

 

Pain relief

Joint lmobilization

Muscle relaxation

Muscle strength enhancement

Fracture healing

Spasm relief

Nerve repair

Muscle building and fat reduction

Urinary incontinence treatment

Sexual dysfunction treatment

 

Finally, why is high-intensity focused magnetic field therapy considered a secret weapon for athlete rehabilitation after injury?

 

Apart from providing repair effect for corresponding connective tissue, when an athlete is severely injured and forced to rest, muscle strength and physical ability may decline. 

The muscle strength enhancement function of magnetic field therapy can fill the training gap and help to build muscles and reduce fat, thereby maintaining physical condition and shortening the time to return to the competition!

Now, high-intensity focused magnetic field therapy is not just exclusive to athletes, it has become affordable  for the general public in terms of training and treatment!

 

References:

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6028041/

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4346366/

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8370292/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2988718/

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5764361/

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6306936/

 

https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1096/fj.03-0847fje

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7830993/

 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jocd.15606

 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dth.13803

 

https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-019-1464-x

 

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349863138_The_Effect_of_Pulsed_Electromagnetic_Fields_on_Angiogenesis

 

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/5037

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2019648/

 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1350453319302346

 

https://www.ijphy.org/index.php/journal/article/view/359

 

https://www.eastcoastpodiatry.sg/super-inductive-system-sis/